The Is Not Born, But Becomes A Woman - 898 Words

Women have learned what it has meant to be a women for years, not by biology but by what society tells us it means. A concept that was very influential was Beauvoir’s argument that â€Å"one is not born, but rather becomes a woman†. This states that it is believed that â€Å"women† is some social construct, in which society determines what it means to be a women in that society. No one is born a â€Å"women† they are created and shaped in to what it means to be a women. Existentialists believe that the person who we become in life, is a result of the choices we make throughout our life. No one is born one way, whether that be man or women. We make our choices about who we are going to be, by building our self out of the choices that we make in our life and the resources that are provided to us by society. Women aren’t born believing that they have to be like Cinderella. â€Å"As they are brought up by women, in the heart of a feminine world, their normal destiny is marriage, which still subordinates them to man from a practical point of view;† (Beauvoir, 279). Women don’t come out of the womb knowing that in order to be considered a women, they must be this dutiful housewife and marry prince charming. Which Disney has been telling many little girls over the years. They also have put the idea in little girls’ heads that when that little girl is older, it’s her duty to create little versions of herself. â€Å"She compares herself to princesses and fairies from tales.† (Beauvoir, 293). A woman is aShow MoreRelatedMy Becoming A Man By Simone De Beauvoir877 Words   |  4 PagesSimone de Beauvoir asserts that â€Å"one is not born, but, rather, becomes a woman (Bailey, Alison, and Cuomo 97).† In this analytical paper, I will attempt to relate to this to my â€Å"becoming a man,† as well as comparing and contrasting this claim with other feminist philosophers’ ideas. Also, I will try to explain how de Beauvoir’s ideas are beneficial to society and to individual people. From birth to the first day in school, children seem to be concerned with food, love, and rest. From first gradeRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue1256 Words   |  6 Pagesthe first 22 weeks of pregnancy. People can either be pro-choice or pro-life for abortion. Being pro-choice means that people believe that it is a woman’s choice to get an abortion if they want one. Pro-life means people believe no matter what if a woman is pregnant they should have the baby; no abortion. I intent to explain why women who get pregnant should have the right to get an abortion, if they so choose to. Abortion has had a very long history. Women were getting abortions before they were evenRead MoreLady Gaga Released Her Lead Single1700 Words   |  7 Pagessingle â€Å"Born This Way†. The single features the names of the LGBT community and other minority groups and it reaches out to addition fans. The National Health and Social Life Survey found that 2.8 percent of the male, and 1.4 percent of the female, population identify themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual (Sprigg and Dailey Ch.2). Homosexuality is the desire for sexual attraction to people of one’s own gender. Throughout the years, research has been done to â€Å"prove† that people are born homosexualsRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Black Female Sexuality1411 Words   |  6 Pagesmeans, as humans, we’re born, assigned a sex and then sent out to live a life that was chosen for us, which is definitely not the case. Because gender is flexible and never fixed, gender is questionably performed through an ontological view. ‘Doing gender’ is something that concerns both men and women and depending on when and where you live, it might be different. After making transgendered friends and taking sociology courses I have learned that sex is what you’re born with and gender is one’sRead MoreReflective Assessment : Being That I Am A Sociology Major1470 Words   |  6 PagesLastly, I will discuss Germaine Greer’s interesting opinion on transgendered women. I believe it is important to understand that gender and sex can’t be used interchangeably because in doing so, not only is it incorrect but also in a way it means we’re born, assigned a sex and then sent out to live a life that was chosen for us. This is definitely incorrect because gender is flexible and never fixed; gender is questionably performed through an ontological view and exists only because it is being actedRead MoreThe Thought Of Yin And Yang1127 Words   |  5 Pagesmeaningful thought. â€Å"As Yin and Yang are not of the same nature, so man and woman have different characteristics† (Pg.175). This is saying that it is not just how someone may be brought up or raised that determines how a child could gain characteristics. This explains that the gender when someone is born gives them distinct characteristics that are associated with a certain gender. It is said that â€Å"Man is honored for strength; a woman is beautiful on account of her gentleness †(Pg.175). This states the basicRead MoreGender And Sex Are Kindred, But They re Not1418 Words   |  6 Pagesis biological in nature and determines one s biological destiny. Gender, on the other hand, helps define one s role within society†. Sex is based on genetics, whereas gender is based on the environmental surrounding. Lorber wrote: â€Å"Individuals are born sexed but not gendered, they have to be taught to be masculine or feminine† (1994). What if children aren’t taught to be masculine or feminine? Of course, these social cues are what mainly divides men from women, and nature from nurture, but does itRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Topic1252 Words   |  6 Pagesothers believe life does not begin until a certain point in the pregnancy or until the fetus is born and takes its first breath. According to Thomas Aquinas, a soul does not enter the body until forty days after conception for a male and eighty days after conception for a female (Alte rs 1). Abortion was legalized in the United States after the Roe v. Wade case. â€Å"The Supreme Court ruled that a woman has a constitutional right to terminate an unwanted pregnancy before the fetus acquires viabilityRead MoreSojourner Truth And Maya Angelou Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesWhile they were born in different centuries, Maya Angelou and Sojourner Truth led parallel fights for African American equality. Despite living in different time periods, both of these women laid the groundwork for activists to come. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797, she later escaped which led her to become an abolitionist to fight for the freedom of others. Maya Angelou was born almost 150 years later in 1928, and faced much of the same hate-fuelled racism. Living in the south duringRead MoreThe Chinese And Italian Cultures1115 Words   |  5 Pagesaway from caffeine and to eat foods with protein, iron, calcium, and vitamin. We also take prenatal vitamins to ensure we are receiving the correct amount of nutrients for our unborn child. Typically, we have a baby shower for the child before they’re born, to help us prepare for the birth. Once the sex of the child is established, the American Culture decides on the a name prior to birth, some wait until the day of the birth to decide. The hospital is the primary location for childbirth to occur and

William Shakespeare s Sonnet 30 - 1181 Words

In â€Å"Sonnet 30’’, William Shakespeare introduces the audience to a sad state of mind, extreme abstract metaphors ,and the use of very strong mechanical features ,which opens an intake on ageing love for his audience to imagine the memories of love, all regrets ,and pain that soon evaporates. â€Å"Sonnet 30’’ closely repeats â€Å"Sonnet 29’s† theme that the memories of youth are priceless and it also uses the same structure in Shakespeare’s other sonnets. The quatrains focuses on the emotions of pain with reliving mistakes he’s made. Shakespeare uses different techniques to explain the poem’s theme of remembering a lover and the sad recollections. Though most sonnets are about love the poem’s theme is narrowed on the pain of losing a loved one and the ending couplet is the solution by the pain of remembering ; he gets back everything he’s lost giving the readers a sense of reassurance that the loss o f someone can be painful but the memories of them are worth it. First, the poem begins with a clear image which is the â€Å"session† which is the court and emphasizes how public the scenery is and how he is showing his emotions even though they aren’t physically but mentally when they are supposed to be private even though they are inward emotions. While putting emphasis on the emotions throughout the poem it highlights the poets disconnect with life while he’s mentally surveying the past life and all the sadness it has brought him but clearly points out the joy of remembering. It’s aShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 30960 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare s writing about love is exceptionally deep and intensely layered with numerous implications and utilization of rhyme and metaphors. The power of feeling, the profundity of thought, and serious creative energy are all to be found in his sonnets. Shakespeare s Sonnets clarify the value of human relationships by showing that friendship can end one’s own sadness, that love should be commemorated, and that marriage between true minds is loyal and consistent. â€Å"But if the whileRead MoreResearch Paper on Shakespeare1586 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish II November 6th, 2012 Shakespeare William Shakespeare is one of the most well respected and time honored man of all time. His unique style, mysterious life and amazingly written sonnets make him the most studied and analyzed men to ever walk the planet. William Shakespeare, born in Stratford-upon-Avon, he was baptized on April 26th 1564, but his actual birth date is unknown. Shakespeare was the third child of John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. William had two older sisters, Judith andRead MoreEssay about Shakespeares Sonnet 30 and Tennysons In Memoriam1302 Words   |  6 PagesLoss has been experienced over centuries and many poets have written on the subject. William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 30 and Alfred Lord Tennyson’s In Memoriam are two poems from different eras that express the idea of loss. Both were written after the loss of a close male friend, and both are only one poem from a series of poems. Shakespeare lived in England where he was born in 1564 and died in 1616 and Tennyson also lived in England where he was born in 1809 and died in 1892, the poems being writtenRead More Sonnet 30 Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagesrestored, and sorrows end† (lines 15-16). This is an excerpt from the master himself, William Shakespeare, in â€Å"Sonnet 30† also known as â€Å"When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought†. As with all of his works, this sonnet requires a lot of interpretation due to the Old English to be able to understand anything in it. â€Å"Sonnet 30† is written in iambic pentameter with a rhyme scheme of â€Å"abab/cdcd/efef/gg†. The sonnet is a lyrical poem because it is uses first person, which signifies that there is a signalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Elizabethan Era3177 Words   |  13 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, possibly the greatest writer in English language, had different views about the world than most writers. Shakespeare completely disagreed with the Elizabethan society he lived in and with the concept of time. He found his society’s views unproductive and incorrect and he believed that time should not be a part of life, since it causes too much harm. His work showed how he viewed the concept of love and friendship and how some one cannot live his or her life properly without lovingRead More A Comparison of Romantic Love in Shakespeares Sonnets As You Like It2069 Words   |  9 PagesShakespeares Sonnets Romantic Love in As You Like It      Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeares comedy As You Like It is clearly a pastoral comedy with a country setting, a theme revolving around love and a story which consists of a series of accidental meetings between characters and a resolution involving transformations of characters and divine intervention.   The comedy involves the traditional literary device of moving urban characters into the country where they have to deal with life in a different mannerRead MoreYolo1583 Words   |  7 Pageshimself and the people around him. Demonstrate critical thinking skills, such as problem solving as it relates to social issues. Week 11 13 - England : Sonnet 29 -William Shakespeare Discuss the denotative and connotative meaning of words found in some lines in the poem Paraphrase the poem Discuss the biography of E .B. Browning in relation with her sonnet Discuss the closure in the poem. Research theories on remembering and forgetting. Relate your research to the speaker in the poem. Library ResearchRead MoreTypes Of Poetry : A Poem Which Deals With Religious Themes, Love, Tragedy, Domestic Crimes, Essay2495 Words   |  10 Pageslyrics are common. Sonnets and odes also apply. Example- Fallen by Freddie Robinson Jr. I fall in love so easily The simplest act of kindness often deeply moves me I fall in love so effortlessly Hearing a stranger s voice often stir up fond memories Love can be found in all things that people do and say Searching for love can be such a joy Especially when you don t know exactly what you re looking for Falling in love is the gentlest fall It s the most wonderful tripRead More Love in Shakespeares As You Like It Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pagescenturies, men have pondered many great questions. Among these is the question: What is love? There is no doubt that the greatest name in English literature, Shakespeare, sought to answer this question for himself. Indeed, Shakespeare recorded his answer in many of the sonnets and plays he wrote, including As You Like It. As Shakespeare learned in seeking to answer this question, love is many things, which in this play he observes through the characters of the play, but most directly through Silvius:Read MoreA Brief Biography on Edgar Allan Poe Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesJanuary 19, 1809. Poe`s parents were Elizabeth Arnold Poe and David Poe Jr. Poe was named after a character in William`s Shakespeare King Lear. Poe was baptized at Episcopal Church in 1812.His mom was an actress and his dad was an actor. Poe`s dad abandoned the family in 1810. Poe had 2 siblings. His brother was named William Henry Leonard he was a writer, sailor, and poet. He was born in Boston on Jan 30, 1807. Poe`s brother died August 1, 1831 of alcoholism and tuberculosis. Edgar`s sister was Rosalie

Gays in the Army free essay sample

A comparison of the restrictions of gays in the American army to the previous restriction of women in the army. This paper examines the present restrictions that forbids gays from enlisting in the U.S. army. It compares this stance with the prohibition of women in combat units, which has subsequently been lifted. The writer shows how many now consider women to be an asset in the military. The author explains how the homosexual community hopes that this trend of acceptance will be extended to them as well. The question of whether gays should be allowed in the military involves complex arguments not just on the issue of fairness to gays and others in a democratic society but also on the role of the military and any special concerns that have to be considered when creating policy for the military. The issue has been much discussed in recent years and is similar in tone to the argument formerly raised for admitting women into the military, though there are significant differences as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Gays in the Army or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some of the primary reasons given for keeping women out of the service have also been advanced in a modified form for keeping gays out of the military, so the experience the military has had with women is instructive.

Managing Risks in Oil and Gas Companies

Introduction Oil and gas companies face a variety of risks in the process of their operations. Many occurrences that happen outside a company may have an effect on the firm and the financial decisions that it makes. Changes in interest rates, prices of oil, and exchange rates among others are likely to alter the financial decisions of a firm. It is therefore imperative for firms to ensure that no potential economic changes pose a threat to their business.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Managing Risks in Oil and Gas Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Taylor and Kathleen (2013, p. 80), corporate financial managers are charged with the responsibility of ensuring that any past, current, and future fluctuations will not affect the economic standing of the firm. McShane and Anil (2011, p. 641) affirm that companies use various risk management tools known as derivatives to manage risks. The tool used should caution the firm from negative impacts of various risks that may happen in its environment. According to Smistad and Igor (2012, p. 46), in western Canada, oil companies apply future derivatives to buy certain goods or services at a price that is agreed upon today. Chanmeka et al. (2012, p. 259) argue that some companies make use of options where a firm gains the right to sell or buy certain goods or services at a certain price in the future. McShane and Anil (2011, 641) confirm that risk information is crucial to investors and the entrepreneurs themselves. The oil and gas industry is likely to face various risks. For example, political risks, geological risks, price risks, supply and demand risks, and cost risks amongst others. This paper will discuss risk management in various gas and oil companies presenting a detailed literature review of risks in general followed by a detailed discussion of the in the oil and gas firms. Risks The subject of risks is quite pivot al when it comes to the running of various organisations. Companies need to be aware of the possible or rather potential risks that they are likely to encounter in a bid to develop mechanisms of mitigating them in real time once they occur to ensure continued operation rather than untimely closure of such firms due to their failure to take the necessary precautionary measures. Various risks are likely to affect different investments. Such risks include political risks, price fluctuations, and changes in supply and demand, natural calamities, geological risks, economic recessions, and government control risks amongst others. Entrepreneurship is a risky undertaking and every entrepreneur has to risk some of these factors and get into business.Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Taylor and Kathleen (2013, p. 83), in the world of business, general risks affect l iterary every company in business though at varying intensities. Risks have various implications on business depending on the level of their impacts and predisposition of a particular business on them. In some instances, risks may lead to complete loss of business. For example, if a business is exposed to fire and explosives risks, it can be completely wiped out in case of an accident. However, McShane and Anil (2011, p. 641) affirm that some of the risks affect all businesses in their every day affairs, for example supply and demand risk, price risks, and government regulations. Businesses have little or no control on some risks such as natural calamity risks, for instance earthquakes and floods. Nevertheless, it is important for a business to devise ways and methods of detecting, assessing, and mitigating the risks. Oil and Gas Companies Oil and gas companies provide a working illustration of the subject of risks that is under scrutiny based on the various risks they encounter in their everyday business affairs. From the point of extracting oil and gas, processing it into finished products to transportation, warehousing, and retailing, the whole business is a risk. These companies encounter various types of risks in their line of business. Chanmeka et al. (2012, p. 259) assert that risks affect almost every firm in business and are likely to affect the oil and gas industry more than any other firm. According to Helman (2013, p. 62), the oil and gas industry faces tight regulations on how to conduct its business. Such regulations include rules on how oil and gas are extracted from the source, regulations on where they can be extracted and where extraction cannot be done, and regulations of the period in which extraction of oil and gas can be done. The government has the upper hand in such regulations since oil business is lucrative. In fact, the political wrangles that affect most countries that have oil and gas resources revolve around the control of oil wel ls by the government. Countries such as Sudan and Southern Sudan have been in conflict due to control of oil wells.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Managing Risks in Oil and Gas Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such political wrangles have also been witnessed in Kuwait and Nigeria. Whenever there are political wrangles in the control of oil and gas, the companies that invest in such nations face higher economic and political risks. Haselip and Martà ­nez (2011, p. 1) argue that politics of regionalism, equitable distribution of national resources, and resource distribution also affect oil and gas regulation. In some cases, the laws governing extraction, processing, and distribution of oil and gases in different states may vary. Antonsen, Kari, and Jarl (2012, 2001) reveal that it is more risky to carryout oil and gas business in dependence on foreign deposits without standardisation. In the oil and gas industry, some companies that show interest are likely to invest in any part of the world where the oil and gas field has a sheer disregard of the political climate of the country. According to Helman (2013, p. 63), if the host country nationalises the industry, foreign investors are likely to suffer loss. Politics of that kind of nation may also change to favour certain investors or category of investors where the foreign investor may not be considered. Antonsen, Kari, and Jarl (2012, p. 2001) argue that some economies will attract investors to begin the process of extraction. Nevertheless, once the process of extraction is complete and the oil and business industry becomes lucrative, politicians, activists, and government officials enact laws to enable the government to leap more from the industry. An investor who puts his or her resources in such an industry is therefore likely to suffer loss. Political risk in oil industry is a major threat to the stability of the secto r. It is even more risky to invest in the oil and gas industry in some developing countries. In some of the developing countries with plenty of oil and gas such as Libya and Sudan in Africa, the countries are under poor political leadership thus posing a great risk to investors in the industry. Whenever there is a political turmoil in various nations, oil tankers are targeted due to the high flammability of oil. In addition, Dumaine (2013, p. 102) affirms that oil and gas industries demand tight security and surveillance even in small quantities such as in China. It would therefore mean that, when there is political instability in a county, the rate of insecurity goes down. Consequently, the risk on the industry goes up.Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wilkinson and Roland (2013, p. 118) assert that the process of gas and oil exploitation has also become very risky especially with the current dynamics. For instance, drilling of oil is happening in very dangerous environments such as oceans. Extraction in such areas increases the risks that oil and gas industries have to incur in the process of extraction, refining, distribution, and marketing. Smistad and Igor (2011, p. 91) affirm that there has also been an increase in the level of unconventional methods of oil and gas extraction. Out of such unconventional methods of mining, some potential oil and gas mines have been poorly exploited or destroyed. In fact, some of these procedures have been used to extract oil and gas in places where it would have proved impracticable. According to Smistad and Igor (2012, p. 46), gas and oil extraction companies involve themselves in great risks by investing a lot of finances and other resources in extraction. Some companies have incurred much c ost in the process of extracting gas and oil only to find minimal deposits than they had estimated. It is therefore risky ventures for a company to be sure that geologists and rock experts have enough evidence of the presence of oil or gas in a certain area. According to Smistad and Igor (2011, p. 91), it is also risky for the extraction company to hire specialists such as geologists in oil in the process of investigating the presence oil or gas in a certain field and then fail to realise the targeted amount of oil or gas. Oil and gas extraction, processing, marketing, and distribution constitute a business that aims at obtaining profits. The prices in the oil and gas markets must therefore be able to sustain the industry in a profitable way. Fluctuation in oil and market prices is a risk factor to the industry. No one can predict what the prices of oil or gas will be when the process of extraction will be completed. Mehemed, Kamal, Kieran, and Kong (2012, p. 201) argue that compani es in this industry therefore undertake a risk in extracting and purifying the gas without clear future market prices for their products. In several instances, oil and gas extraction companies have undergone the whole process of geological tests and drilling despite their ending up without the projected product. In such cases, unless the gas and oil extraction company is insured, it suffers a big loss. The nature of oil and gas market has been fluctuating over the years. According to Chen and Jevons (1993, p. 667), fluctuation of oil and gas prices poses a great risk to the stakeholders in the industry. Supply and demand issue is a limitation to the oil and gas industry. Venturing into oil and gas industry involves investing huge capital. The operations involved in extracting oil and gas are very expensive and extraction companies have to invest in the process. However, such companies may not be aware of the trend that prices of gas and oil will take in the future. Wood (2011, p. 11 3) affirms that demand and supply keep on changing. When the supply of gas in the world market goes high, the prices go down thus increasing the risk of incurring heavy losses. Oil and gas industry also experiences imbalances when prices of oil go up. In most cases, when the prices of oil and gases hike, large warehouses hoard the commodities. O’keefe and Doris (2013, p. 158) argue that hoarding increases the risk of loss of customers on retailers and local wholesalers since the commodity does not reach the target consumer. Such suppliers are also at the risk of being compromised of inconsistency by their customers. Mohanty and Mohan (2011, p. 165) argue that it is also very hard to predict the production rates of gas and oil in various states especially with a nation with many states such as the U.S. Kendrick (2012, p. 61) affirms that unpredictability of productivity increases the risk of price fluctuation in the oil and gas industry. In addition, Andersson, Sudhir, and Zaf ar (2009, p. 440) reveal that, whenever there is a financial crisis in a country or a region, for example, the American crisis or the European crisis of 2007, supply and demand of oil and gas also change. Financial crisis increases the risk of reduced purchasing power. Hence, the affected country experiences low demand for oil and gases. Wood (2011, p. 113) point out that the economic crisis increases the risk of low supply and demand due to its ability to reduce the capital base of a nation. When a country has a low capital base, it is limited in its operations. Donaldson and Schoemaker (2013, p. 24) argue that the macroeconomic position of the industry can also increase the risk of demand and supply. Macroeconomic power of every industry dictates the success of business under it. The oil and gas industry experiences huge operational costs. O’keefe and Doris (2013, p. 158) argue that all the other risk factors involved in the oil and gas industry drain into operational costs . Mohanty and Mohan (2011, p. 165) argue that, when the regulations set by political leaders and governments of a particular nation are very tight, the operation cost goes up. Tight regulations make the process of extracting, processing, and distributing gas and oil more extensive and hence expensive. Wilkinson and Roland (2013, p. 118) posit that the operations that are involved in the process of oil mining and gas harvesting determine the level of operations risks that a firm is likely to incur. The operations involved in drilling are also extensive and expensive. Mehemed, Kamal, Kieran, and Kong, (2012, p. 201) establish that the process of drilling is coupled with many limitations, for instance, bad weather, poor soils and other geological factors, inaccessibility, and technological problems. Such problems increase the operations cost. When the operations cost hikes, the industry becomes disfranchised. Different producers set their own market prices to overcome their cost of pro duction. According to Donaldson and Schoemaker (2013, p. 24), variation in the cost of production makes it difficult for nations of the world to set standard oil and gas prices. In fact, some industries incur a double or triple cost of production compared to others. It is out of such variations that oil and gas prices have become very competitive in the market. According to Robb (2012, p. 756), industries that have been in the line of production for many years incur lesser risks than new industries. Managing Risks- Risk Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control The oil and gas industry is a risk-prone industry. Various uncertainties go along these risks such as the risk of exploration, demand and supply risk, crude price uncertainty, and product line risk. According to Robb (2012, p. 756), the oil and gas industry is one of the risky ventures. Hence, to prevent the danger that the industry poses, there should be the need to manage it. Sarkar (2012, p. 28) affirms that manage ment of risks also ensures that the small industries and the upcoming ones become commercially viable. In addition, there are technological risks such as â€Å"cyber threats of Stuxnet virus, which also target lucrative oil and gas industry† (Sudhir, and Zafar 2009, p. 440). These and many other risks in oil and gas industry necessitate the need for risk management. Consequently, various methods of risk management have been put in place to mitigate risks in this industry. Risk Identification Oil and gas companies have invested in information access control and management. Such risk management strategies involve identifying and accessing the right information at all time when it is very necessary. Information management has been a great source of risk in the oil and gas industry. Oil and gas companies have therefore put in place mechanisms to harvest policy information, process it, and use it gainfully. According to Andersson, Sudhir, and Zafar (2009, p. 440), information harv esting, processing, and management reduce the risk of operations. When companies access the right information before investment, they are able to reduce compliance risks. The company can use future derivative to organise how it will acquire various goods and services in the future at a certain price. Sarkar (2012, p. 28) affirms that speedy exchange of information across the industry enables investors to make the right information. Classified information and access to the information systems of oil and gas companies has also been highly controlled. Risk Assessment Modern technology aids in the reduction of variation in governance-risk-compliance. Technology is also an efficient tool in the reduction of operational risk. According to Akhibi (2012, p. 6), the use of real time monitoring technology enables the oil and gas companies to improve the availability of the commodity to customers, reduce operational costs, avoid conflicts with the society and the regulatory authorities, and re duce the risk of demand and supply. Dumaine (2013, p. 102), affirms that oil and gas companies are adopting condition-based monitoring in risk management, which involves positioning various sensors to measure and record the prevailing environmental conditions such as vibration and temperatures (Pinheiro 2011, p. 34). Such sensors enable the oil and gas companies to detect equipment failure in real time. In fact, Srivastava and Gupta (2010, p. 407) assert that the devices are sophisticated to ensure that alert devices either sound the alarm or give work orders to the operations department. Wimalasiri et al. (2010, p. 49) affirm that sensors have enabled many oil companies to avoid the risk of losing billions of money in spillage and leakages. Some oil and gas companies have set up strategic teams to manage any eventuality such as equipment failure and fire outbreaks. Schroeder and Jan (2007, p. 0.1) point out that fire departments are also connected to sensors in order to enable quic k response to eventualities and occurrences. Wimalasiri et al. (2010, 49) argue that predictive maintenance enables the industry to realise when there is the need to purchase certain equipments before the actual damage is done. Various modern technology devices are put in place to detect wear-and-tear and obsoleteness of equipments in the oil industry. Qian, Yulin, and Gonzalez (2012, p. 859) observe that, whenever the devices sense that a gas tank or an oil tank is not up to the set standards, the necessary alert message is sent to the maintenance department for replacement. Srivastava and Gupta (2010, p. 407) affirm that the sensor is also able to compare and analyse the level of functionality of every device in the firm and or give the right report on each. Pinheiro (2011, p. 34) observes that such quick reactions enable the firm to avoid health risks. Risks Control Oil and gas companies have to deal with the increased compliance and regulations facing the industry today. For exa mple, according to Molokwu, Barreria, and Boris (2013, p. 2), in South Africa, tight requirements of reporting on all operations and events of minor accidents and incidents have been an expensive venture for the industry. There are also tight regulations on drilling operations. Oil and gas companies have therefore put in place mechanisms to ensure that the checklist for all regulations is complied with as the government of the area dictates (Chan 2011, p. 341). Such compliance includes registration of the company, authorisation for drilling, construction of the industry, reliability in maintenance of structures such as oil wells, and the ability to remain in the market as a competitive industry (Khan 2010, p. 157). According to Haselip and Martà ­nez (2011, p. 1), politics in a certain nation or state can play a role in the oil and gas industry. The major role that political forces play in the oil and gas industry is to regulate prices. Politicians are opinion leaders who largely b ecome policy makers. Oil and gas industries have therefore put in place mechanisms to work with government in price regulations and policy control. The gas and oil companies have to deal with various environmental and health risk compliance processes. The oil and gas industry also faces the risk of geological inadequacy. In most of the nations and states, the reserve of oil and gas is already tapped out. The risk has also spread in nations that have been exploiting their reserves since they are also in the process of being fully exploited. According to Andersen and Aamnes (2012, p. 2010), companies have therefore put in place methods of ensuring that they comply with the health regulations in their area of investment. Oil is a pollutant to the environment in a double way especially when not well handled. According to Perunović and Jelena (2012, p. 130), the risk of oil spillage in water, for example, during mining or transportation in the sea has been greatly reduced through mod ern technology. Sophisticated mining methods have been employed to ensure no oil spillage during mining. In fact, Perunović and Jelena (2012, p. 130) affirm that modern water vessels have also been adopted in transporting oil through the sea. Khan (2010, p. 157) posits that employees’ health and safety have also been a risk issue in the oil and gas industry. Oil and gas prices are another risk that investors in this industry face. Chen and Jevons (1993, p. 667) argue that prices dictate whether a venture into extracting oil or gas is to be feasible or not. When geological limitations are high, the price risk of extracting oil or gas goes high. Oil and gas companies have therefore ensured high safety standards to employees through education and trainings. According to Molokwu, Barreria, and Boris (2013, p. 2), employees are taught how to protect themselves, how to behave while in the extraction site or in the storage and distribution site, and even how to manage eventualit ies such as fire outbreaks. Chan (2011, p. 341) reveal that oil and gas companies have also ensured that the community living near the mines and storage areas are also informed on management of fire and spillage. According to Hayes and Hopkins (2012, p. 145), oil and gas companies have also made use of resource centres that are set within the industries. Various minds gather in the resource centres to exchange ideas on the problems facing the industry. Schroeder and Jan (2007, p. 0.1) affirm that, unlike in the past when orders came from managers, engineers in today’s industry meet and exchange knowledge on various problems that their firms face. Hayes and Hopkins (2012, p. 145) assert that, with the meeting of engineering experts from various departments, the right solutions are likely to be realised to eliminate various risks facing oil and gas industries for example the geological and price fluctuation risks. The experts will come up with recommendations on the right measu res that the industry should take to avoid risks. Such decisions and recommendations majorly include modification, technological adaptations, planning, and maintenance. With the modern advancement in information technology, cyber crime and information system hacking has posed another risk to the oil and gas industry. According to Akhibi (2012, p. 6), in Nigeria, oil and gas companies have therefore put in place cyber security designs and technologies to mitigate the risk. In oil and gas industries, information system security has been highly integrated with people, processes, data, and systems. Such ventures secure the system to ensure accountability on the side of the operators. Qian, Yulin, and Gonzalez (2012, p. 859) argue that information security also ensures continuous surveillance of the internet protocol openings and filtration of information before it gains access to the main information system of the company. Importance of Managing Risks specifically in Oil and Gas Compani es Based on the information already presented concerning risks and their repercussions if not mitigated, it becomes clear on the need to manage risks by all organisations, leave alone the oil and gas companies. Such risks reduce the ability of the firm to predict the course of business. The oil and gas industry faces various difficulties and tight monitoring by many authorities. Investing in the oil industry is also a very risky venture. In this light of probability of loss in the oil and gas industries, this paper highlights various importance of risk mitigation. Every derivative that oil and gas industries put in place should aim at risk mitigation. The derivatives that a firm takes should be aimed at cautioning the industry from the past, current, and future risks. Kendrick (2012, p. 61) asserts that risk management in oil and gas industries ensures that there is proper compliance with the regulations of the authorities in their place of business. Insuring the business against va rious risks also enables the company to have confidence and security in trade. Such regulations should also be adhered to avoid the risk of regulations and compliance. According to Andersen and Aamnes (2012, p. 2010), managing risks in the oil and gas industry enables the companies to have clear visibility of the current position and the future of the firm. Such a goal can be attained by venturing into future derivatives. The industry should sign for future trading ventures at certain prices with certain companies. Conclusion In conclusion, every business venture is exposed to various risks. Consequently, every business has to put in place various mechanisms to identify, monitor, assess, and control risks. Private enterprise is generally a risky venture. However, as discussed, the oil and gas company is bound to face more risks than any other business. The major risks that affect oil and gas companies include geological risks, political risks, government regulations, and compliance risks, price fluctuation, demand and supply, and natural calamities risk. Oil and gas companies have therefore invested heavily in various risk mitigation measures. Such measures include risk identification, risk assessment, and risk monitoring and control. It is important to manage risks in every business venture. Risks can result in complete loss of business. They can lead to conflicts with the authorities and the communities in the business environment. It is therefore important to comply with the regulatory measures put in place by the regulatory authorities. Insuring the business against various risks is also an important step in risk mitigation. 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Srivastava, A Gupta, J 2010, ‘New methodologies for security risk assessment of oil and gas industry’, Process Safety Environmental Protection: Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers Part B, vol. 88 no. 6, pp. 407-412. Taylor, M Kathleen, B 2013, ‘Managing Risks In The Volatile Energy Industry’, RMA Journal, vol. 95 no. 6, pp. 80-84. Wilkinson, A Roland, K 2013, ‘Living In the Futures’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 91 no. 5, pp. 118-127. Wimalasiri, V et al. 2010, ‘Social construction of the aetiology of designer error in the UK oil and gas industry: a stakeholder perspective’, Journal of Engineering Design, vol. 21 no. 1, pp. 49-73. Wood, D 2011, ‘Is the oil and gas industry adequately handling exposure to extreme risks?’, World Oil, vol. 232 no. 10, pp. 113-118. This dissertation on Managing Risks in Oil and Gas Companies was written and submitted by user Farrah J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Telekom Malaysia Berhad Essay Example

Telekom Malaysia Berhad Essay Inside the agreement it also includes supply and implementation of GAPS technology from Yahoo. In 2005, the network coverage Is expanding till Karakas area which means that Dig will acquire a big market besides In west Malaysia market only. Dig team up with Mbabane to Introduce new services which Is customer of Mbabane can reload or register their repaid phone through maybug. Com In 2006. In year 2009, the company owned Pay By Mobile Sad. Bad. ND cooperate with Microsoft to offer Windows Live Messenger to Dig subscribers. 1. 2 Telecoms Malaysia Bertha Telecoms Malaysia (TM) is one of the mighty companies in telecommunication industry in Malaysia which transfer from Cabana Telecoms Malaysia and in 1987 become first Malaysian private company. In 2001, TM has launch CDMA which is code division multiple access technology broadband and Blueberry. Com. After two years later TM merge with Cellos thus become the largest cellular operator in Malaysia. Between year 2005 till 2009, the company has form many agreements with others International company and also set up or Invest In different countries such as acquired Exclamation (XSL) in 2005 which is owned subsidiary in Indonesia. After TM group sold 3. 2% of its share in Dialog in 2007, TM was formed a strategic alliance with Macomb Group Embank and MS to leverage and strengths to widen their distribution network. So in 2008, TM is decided Demeter its mobile and fixed businesses into two entitles. Because of De-merger mobile operation as a separate public listed company in Malaysia as Telecoms Malaysia International (TWO). The most recent project in TM is the company launches HASH which is High Speed Broadband in few areas such as Appear, Skeletal, Perils, Asked and Niger Seminal. 2. 0 The Industry Analysis Overview of telecommunication Industry In Malaysia Is highly competitive and this Industry Is said to be one of the fastest growing Industry In Malaysia. Telecommunication industry can be characterized as a fruitful and profitable Industry Owe to ten Toweling. PORTAL s five competitive forces 2. 1 Threat of the new entrants: We will write a custom essay sample on Telekom Malaysia Berhad specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Telekom Malaysia Berhad specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Telekom Malaysia Berhad specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Telecommunication industry is considered as a profitable industry is due to the high entry barriers created by government to this industry. Entry barriers reduce the rate of entry of new firms, thus maintaining a level of profits for those already in the industry. In this industry, the Government has taken steps to introduce managed competition in the industry by offering various telecommunications licenses. To date, the Government has awarded only eight mobile licenses to operators in Malaysia. For example: Telecoms Malaysia had a virtual monopoly on telecommunications services in Malaysia 2. Rivalry among existing firms: Profitability of the industry also affected greatly by the intensity of competition among existing firms in the industry. Telecommunication industry consists of only several mobile operators such as TM, Maxis, Dig due to the entry restriction that imposed by the government. Therefore, rivalry among Competitors Telecommunication industry in Malaysia is oligopoly structure nowadays and the level of competition in this particular industry is said to be low one. 2. 3 Threat of substitute product: Another force that directly affected the profitability of an industry is the threat of bustiest product. In Porters model, substitute products refer to products in other industries. Substitute product is the product or services that is different from the existing product/services but serves the similar needs. Products and services from non-traditional telecoms industries pose serious substitution threats. Cable TV and satellite operators now compete for buyers. Besides that, the substitute product for the mobile services in telecommunication also included fax, email or even letter. A threat of substitutes exists when a products demand is affected by the price change of a substitute product. This threat is said to be a weak one because these substitute products such as letter or e-mail are unable to fulfill or completely replace the mobile services. 2. 4 Bargaining power of buyers Bargaining power of buyers is another force that affected the profitability in telecommunication industry. The buyers in this industry are all services customer and said to have low bargaining power to the services provider. This is because Tm is the sole provider of fixed line telephone services in Malaysia, other mobile operator such as Dig , Maxis, Cellos account for approximately 85% of mobile services in Malaysia. As a result, this contributes to concentration of the buyers industry. Besides this, the buyers have high switching cost in this industry. As a result, the industry is more profitable when the buyers have low bargaining power (indicating that the buyers are unable to affect the setting of prices in the industry). 2. 5 Bargaining power of suppliers The last determinant of profitability in telecommunication industry is bargaining power of suppliers. The suppliers in this industry can be the suppliers of raw materials/component such as cable, broadband equipment, mobile handset, and software.

Getting Transcripts for Graduate School Admissions

Getting Transcripts for Graduate School Admissions An essential, often forgotten component to your graduate admissions application is your academic transcript. Your graduate application is not complete until your official academic transcript is received. What Is an Official Academic Transcript? Your official academic transcript lists all the courses that you have taken and your grades earned. It is official because it is sent directly from your college or university to the graduate admissions office and it bears the official college or university stamp, signifying its validity. How Do You Request Your Official Academic Transcript? Request your transcripts by contacting the Registrars Office at your university. Stop by the office and you can complete a series of forms, pay fees, and youre on your way. Some institutions allow students to request transcripts online. Visit the Registrars Office webpage to determine if your institution provides online transcript services. What Do You Need to Request Your Official Academic Transcript? Have the addresses for all the graduate schools to which you are applying on hand. Youll need to provide the Registrars Office with each address. Be prepared to pay a fee for each transcript that you request, typically $10-$20 each. When Do You Request Your Official Academic Transcript? Regardless of whether you request your transcript online or in person, you must process your transcript order early, well before the admissions deadline. What many applicants dont realize is that the official transcript is sent directly from the Registrars Office at their university to the graduate admissions offices of the schools to which they are applying. The Registrars Offices of most institutions require at least 10 business days or about 2 weeks to send official transcripts. It’s a good idea to check with your university well beforehand to ensure that you request your official academic transcripts on time. In addition, the admissions season is a very busy time, so it’s a good idea to request transcripts even earlier than the guidelines set by the Registrars Office. Allow for time to resend the transcripts if necessary. Sometimes transcripts are lost in the mail. Your graduate admissions application is not complete until your official academic transcripts are received, so dont let something silly like missing transcripts jeopardize your application.

The Lived Experience of Ordinary People Assignment

The Lived Experience of Ordinary People - Assignment Example In present times America is facing various challenges, but the big challenge facing the federal government is maintenance of security and safety among the American citizens. President Barrack Obama demand for the American troops number in Iraq to be brought down. This as he estimates will increase the chances of Americas in fighting these terrorists around the world and the Al Qaeda as well (Berkowitz & Dewitt, 2013). Diplomacy and development issue key issues to improve as they are two major factors of their national security plan, and to make sure that their procedures of intelligence collection and analysis are assisting them in facing their enemies. In the past years security and safety were still challenge to the America federal government since they amended security bills with the motive of keeping the level of security of the country high (Piszkiewicz, 2003). This means that maintenance of security and safety of the people is quit s task that the American government has not yet achieved fully. For instance in 1960 July 1st The social security administration’s Woodlawn headquarters were dictated. The solution to these was to just recruit more troops for the sake of the country’s